By M. Powell Lawton PhD, George Maddox PhD
ISBN-10: 0826130844
ISBN-13: 9780826130846
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Extra info for Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Volume 5, 1985: Social & Psychological Aspects of Aging
Sample text
However, Hulicka, Morganti, and Cataldo (1975) found that perceived choice was not related to life satisfaction among institutionalized and communityresiding women, but was related to positive self-concept. 16 INDIVIDUAL DETERMINANTS OF LIFESTYLE Reid and his colleagues developed their own measure of locus of control orientation. Their instrument measured both desire and expectancy for control with the measures combined into one overall desired control score. The scores were related to numerous variables including life satisfaction, mood state, and self-concept.
Much of that research has investigated the association between control and psychological adjustment, but the areas of physical health, cognitive functioning, and activity level have also been explored. As is the case for studies just reviewed concerning the relationship between control and age per se, many studies of the correlates of control have utilized variations of Rotter's THE CONSTRUCT OF CONTROL 15 I-E scale, while fewer were based on the investigators' own measures of control expectancies.
The results revealed that only the contingent group—the group that was afforded the most control—showed significant improvements on memory tasks and overall health as a result of the intervention. The memory tasks consisted of tests for immediate memory, and recent and remote events. Health status was assessed from subjects' medical records, use of major tranquilizers and other medications taken, and vital signs. After the intervention, the contingent group was also more likely to complain when they felt that something was wrong.